The Khanda is a distinctive straight-edged sword from the Indian subcontinent. Known for its double-edged blade and broad tip, it became a powerful symbol in Hindu and Sikh martial traditions. Its design lends itself equally to slashing and thrusting, and its association with heroism and martyrdom cemented its place in both legend and warfare.
Specifications
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Blade type | Straight, double-edged |
| Blade length | Typically between 70 to 90 cm |
| Blade width | Broadening near the tip; sometimes with reinforced spine |
| Hilt | Often features a wide crossguard and a unique disk pommel |
| Grip | Usually one-handed, though some versions support two hands |
| Construction | Forged from high-carbon steel or wootz in earlier examples |
| Weight | Between 1.2 kg and 1.8 kg depending on size and ornament |
History and Evolution
The Khanda is rooted in ancient Indian warfare, with early forms appearing as far back as the Gupta period. It developed further through the medieval era, gaining prominence among Rajput warriors and later adopted symbolically by the Sikhs.
- Ancient India: References to broad, straight swords appear in Sanskrit texts.
- Medieval Period: The Khanda became favoured among Rajputs and was associated with acts of valour and resistance.
- Sikh Adoption: The Khanda became part of Sikh iconography, appearing in the central emblem (Khanda symbol) of the religion.
- Later Use: While it declined in battlefield use with the rise of firearms, it remained a ceremonial and religious symbol.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Effective for powerful chopping and slashing.
- Double-edged blade allows cuts from either side.
- Reinforced spine and broad tip deliver strong forward momentum.
- Wide blade provides defensive capability, almost shield-like.
Disadvantages:
- Less agile than curved sabres or thinner rapiers.
- Requires considerable strength and control to wield effectively.
- Not ideal for mounted combat or rapid parrying.
Comparison with Similar Weapons
| Weapon | Key Differences from Khanda |
|---|---|
| Talwar | Curved and single-edged; more agile and effective on horseback |
| Urumi | Flexible whip-sword; used more in training or ceremonial contexts |
| European Longsword | Narrower blade; better thrusting capability; two-handed combat style |
| Dao (Chinese) | Generally curved and single-edged; prioritises slicing over thrust |
Legacy
The Khanda’s legacy goes beyond practical warfare. It is deeply entwined with Indian martial culture and spiritual symbolism.
- Rajput warriors often regarded the Khanda as a representation of martial honour.
- In Sikhism, the Khanda is part of the Khanda emblem and reflects divine justice and sovereignty.
- The weapon features prominently in folk epics and martial dances such as Gatka.
Where to See
You can view historic examples of the Khanda in several major museums:
- Victoria and Albert Museum, London: Holds Indo-Persian arms, including several Khandas with ceremonial etching.
- National Museum, New Delhi: Contains several examples with inscriptions and jewel inlays.
- Royal Armouries, Leeds: Features comparative displays alongside European swords.
- Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad: A collection of Indian arms and armour including regional variations.
Collector’s Guide
Factors Affecting Value:
- Age and provenance (e.g. 17th–18th century Rajput or Sikh origin)
- Blade condition and originality
- Decoration (gold inlay, gem-studded hilts, inscriptions)
- Associated historical figures or contexts
Typical Auction Prices:
| Period | Description | Price Range (GBP) |
|---|---|---|
| 17th–18th century | Battle-worn, plain hilt | £2,000 – £6,000 |
| 18th–19th century | Inlaid or ceremonial models | £6,000 – £15,000 |
| Provenanced examples | Royal or religious association | £20,000 and upwards |
| Reproductions | Modern decorative versions | £200 – £800 |
Auctions often appear via Bonhams, Christie’s, or specialised antique arms dealers. Condition reports and metallurgical studies can significantly affect final bids.
Watch the video of a professional demonstration:
