The rondel dagger was one of the most important sidearms in late medieval Europe. It was not only a knight’s backup weapon but also a symbol of status and practicality in close combat. Its design was specific, durable and lethal, especially in the narrow confines of armoured fighting
The rondel dagger emerged in the 14th century and remained in use well into the 16th century. Named for its disc-shaped guard and pommel, the dagger was tailored for thrusting, especially against mail or plate. It was commonly used by knights, soldiers and even civilians, particularly during judicial duels or for self-defence.
Specifications
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Blade length | Typically 25 to 45 cm (10 to 18 inches) |
| Blade shape | Narrow, stiff, often triangular or round in cross-section |
| Guard | Disc or circular ‘rondel’ guard |
| Pommel | Matching disc-shaped pommel for grip stability |
| Handle | Cylindrical, often made from wood, bone, or metal |
| Weight | Approx. 300 to 500 grams |
| Primary function | Armour-piercing thrusts |
History and Evolution
The rondel dagger likely evolved from earlier knightly daggers, designed to exploit the weak points in a fully armoured opponent. Its growth in popularity coincided with the increasing use of plate armour during the Hundred Years’ War and other conflicts.
By the 15th century, rondel daggers were standard issue for many soldiers across Europe. They appear in contemporary illustrations, effigies and armoury records. Some versions developed more decorative forms, serving as ceremonial or dress weapons, particularly among the nobility.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Exceptional at thrusting through gaps in armour (armpits, visor slits, joints).
- Strong, reinforced blade could penetrate mail or exploit weaknesses in plate.
- Compact and easy to carry on a belt or harness.
- Secure grip due to the circular guard and pommel.
Disadvantages:
- Limited slashing ability due to stiff, narrow blade.
- Less effective against unarmoured or fast-moving opponents.
- Not suited for cutting, limiting its versatility compared to broader-bladed daggers.
Comparison with Similar Weapons
| Weapon | Key Differences from Rondel Dagger |
|---|---|
| Bollock Dagger | Typically had kidney-shaped guards; more common in civilian use |
| Baselard | Larger, more like a short sword; often featured a cross-shaped hilt |
| Misericorde | Thinner, spike-like; primarily used to deliver mercy blows to wounded |
| Cinquedea | Broad, fan-shaped blade; Italian origin, designed for cutting as well as thrusting |
The rondel dagger stands out for its focus on armoured combat, whereas others were more versatile or tailored to specific social contexts.
Legacy
The rondel dagger is frequently depicted in historical combat manuals such as those of Fiore dei Liberi and Hans Talhoffer. These texts show its use in grappling, close combat and finishing techniques. Its design influenced later thrusting daggers and remained an inspiration for ceremonial blades well into the Renaissance.
Today, it is a prominent feature in historical fencing and re-enactment circles, especially within HEMA (Historical European Martial Arts). Its image endures as an emblem of late medieval warfare.
Where to See
You can view original rondel daggers in several major museum collections:
- Royal Armouries Museum (Leeds, UK) – holds multiple examples from the 14th to 15th centuries.
- Wallace Collection (London, UK) – includes ornately decorated specimens.
- Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria) – houses both practical and ceremonial daggers.
- Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA) – possesses a variety of late medieval daggers.
Collector’s Guide and Auction Prices
Tips for Collectors:
- Authentic rondel daggers are rare and typically come from established auctions or private collections.
- Provenance, condition, and regional origin greatly affect value.
- Look for wear patterns consistent with age and combat use, as well as documentation.
Auction Price Range:
| Condition/Type | Estimated Price (GBP) |
|---|---|
| Museum-grade, rare type | £20,000 to £50,000+ |
| Mid-tier historical piece | £5,000 to £15,000 |
| Partially restored piece | £2,000 to £5,000 |
| High-quality reproduction | £200 to £800 |
Most collectors focus on quality reproductions for re-enactment or display, while museums and high-end collectors compete for originals.
The rondel dagger remains one of the most distinctive and practical weapons from the age of plate armour. It was not a showpiece but a tool for survival in the brutal reality of medieval close combat.
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