Introduction to HEMA
Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA) is the modern study and practice of combat techniques from medieval, Renaissance, and early modern Europe. Based on historical fight manuals, HEMA practitioners aim to reconstruct these martial systems through rigorous training, sparring, and competition.
Development of HEMA
HEMA has its roots in European combat traditions, which faded with the rise of firearms. However, surviving manuals from fencing masters such as Johannes Liechtenauer, Fiore dei Liberi, and George Silver have allowed modern martial artists to revive these arts. In the late 20th century, a growing interest in historical combat led to the formation of dedicated HEMA clubs and organisations worldwide.
Categories of HEMA
HEMA encompasses various weapons and fighting styles, including:
- Longsword: The most widely practised discipline, based on German, Italian, and other European traditions.
- Rapier: A thrusting sword favoured in the 16th and 17th centuries for duelling.
- Arming Sword & Buckler: A combination of a single-handed sword and a small shield, used in the medieval period.
- Sabre: A cutting and thrusting weapon popular in military fencing during the 18th and 19th centuries.
- Polearms & Spears: Essential for battlefield engagements, often studied alongside other weapons.
- Dagger & Wrestling (Ringen): Many historical manuals include unarmed combat techniques.
HEMA Competitions
Competitive HEMA allows practitioners to test their skills under controlled conditions. Tournaments are held worldwide, with different formats including:
- Longsword Tournaments: The most popular competitive format, judged on strikes, control, and technique.
- Rapier and Small Sword Duels: Emphasising precision and tactical movement.
- Sword and Buckler Matches: Highlighting historical techniques from sources like the I.33 manuscript.
- Team Battles: Some competitions include group fights with multiple fighters.
Watch: Men’s Longsword final at the Oslo Open 2016
Rules and Scoring
HEMA competitions follow structured rules to ensure fairness and safety. The specifics may vary between organisations, but common rules include:
- Point System: Fighters earn points for landing clean, controlled strikes on valid target areas.
- Control and Intent: Excessive force or uncontrolled attacks can lead to penalties.
- Protective Gear: Participants must wear padded jackets, fencing masks, gloves, and other protective equipment.
- Judges and Referees: Matches are overseen by officials who determine valid hits and enforce safety measures.
How to Take Part in HEMA
If you’re interested in joining HEMA, follow these steps:
- Find a Local Club: Search for HEMA schools or clubs in your area through organisations like the HEMA Alliance or the Academy of Historical Arts.
- Get Basic Gear: Most clubs provide training swords, but you may need your own protective equipment over time.
- Study Historical Manuals: Read sources like Fiore dei Liberi’s Fior di Battaglia or Joachim Meyer’s Art of Combat to understand techniques.
- Train Regularly: Practise footwork, drills, and sparring under experienced instructors.
- Join Tournaments: Once proficient, test your skills in regional or international competitions.
UK HEMA Groups to Join
Below is a list of active HEMA clubs across the UK, ideal for beginners and seasoned practitioners alike:
| Group Name | Location | Specialisations | Website |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy of Historical Arts | Glasgow, Scotland | Longsword, Rapier, Polearms | www.aha.org.uk |
| London Historical Fencing | London, England | Rapier & Dagger, Sabre, Bolognese Swordsmanship | www.londonhistoricalfencing.com |
| Cambridge HEMA | Cambridge, England | German Longsword, Sword & Buckler | www.cambridgehema.co.uk |
| Schola Gladiatoria | London, England | Armoured Combat, Italian Longsword | www.fightcamp.co.uk |
| York School of Defence | York, England | I.33 Sword & Buckler, Messer | www.yorkschoolofdefence.org |
| Edinburgh HEMA | Edinburgh, Scotland | Fiore dei Liberi, Lichtenauer | www.edinburghhema.com |
Conclusion
HEMA is a growing martial art that combines historical research with physical skill and competition. Whether you’re interested in medieval swordsmanship, Renaissance duelling, or military fencing, there’s a place for you in HEMA. The UK boasts a thriving community of clubs, from Glasgow to London, offering expert training in diverse European combat traditions. With proper training, dedication, and respect for historical accuracy, anyone can become a practitioner of these ancient combat arts.
Further Resources:
- The Medieval Longsword by Guy Windsor (UK-based HEMA instructor).
- Visit the British Federation for Historical Swordplay for national tournament listings.
- Explore armour reproductions at Armour Class (UK supplier).
