Origins and Mythology
The Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi, or “Grass-Cutting Sword,” holds a central place in Japanese mythology and imperial tradition. Its origins are chronicled in two of Japan’s oldest texts, the Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan) and the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters). According to legend, the storm god Susanoo discovered the sword in the tail of the eight-headed serpent Yamata-no-Orochi, which he had slain after intoxicating it with sake. Presenting the blade to his sister, the sun goddess Amaterasu, the sword became a divine heirloom passed down to her descendants, including Emperor Jimmu, Japan’s mythical first emperor.
Symbolism and Historical Significance
As one of the Three Imperial Regalia of Japan, alongside the mirror Yata no Kagami and the jewel Yasakani no Magatama, the Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi represents the emperor’s martial virtue and divine right to rule. These sacred objects are central to enthronement ceremonies, though they remain shrouded in secrecy. The sword’s legendary status is further cemented by tales of its use in ancient battles, though historical accounts blend myth with fragmentary records of early Japanese warfare.
Physical Characteristics and Current Status
Descriptions of the Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi vary, but it is often portrayed as a tachi-style sword, characterised by its curved, single-edged blade. Unlike conventional weapons, its divine nature obscures any definitive archaeological record. The sword is traditionally enshrined at Atsuta Shrine in Nagoya, though the publicly displayed artefact is a replica. The original is believed to be stored in a sealed casket, unseen for centuries. Some historians speculate it may have been lost during the Genpei War (1180–1185) or hidden to protect it from desecration, though no conclusive evidence exists.
Cultural Legacy and Modern Influence
The Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi’s mythic resonance permeates Japanese culture:
- Literature and Folklore: The sword appears in classical texts like The Tale of the Heike, where it is associated with imperial legitimacy.
- Modern Media: It features prominently in anime (Naruto, Fate/stay night), manga (Rurouni Kenshin), and video games (Okami, Final Fantasy), often as a symbol of ultimate power.
- National Identity: The sword remains a potent emblem of Japan’s imperial heritage, referenced in political discourse and popular culture alike.
Where to Encounter Its Legacy
While the original sword remains inaccessible, visitors can explore its cultural footprint at:
- Atsuta Shrine (Nagoya): The primary site of veneration, housing artefacts and exhibitions on the sword’s legend.
- Ise Grand Shrine (Mie Prefecture): Dedicated to Amaterasu, this shrine indirectly connects to the sword’s mythological roots.
- Tokyo National Museum: Occasionally displays Edo-period art depicting the Imperial Regalia.
The Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi transcends its role as a mere weapon, embodying the intersection of Shinto belief, imperial authority, and national mythology. Though its physical form may never be verified, its enduring presence in Japan’s collective imagination ensures its legacy as a timeless symbol of divine sovereignty and cultural identity
