The US Model 1833 Dragoon sabre was the first officially adopted cavalry blade for the newly raised Regiments of Dragoons in the 1830s. Inspired by European light cavalry swords, it featured a pipe-back blade and a three-bar brass guard. Produced mainly by N. P. Ames of Springfield, Massachusetts, only around 6,100 were made between 1834 and 1839. It served as a transitional weapon between the older Starr sabres of 1818 and the much heavier Model 1840, known as the “Wristbreaker”.
Specifications
| Feature | Typical Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Overall length | c. 39.5 in | Standard measurement of surviving examples |
| Blade length | c. 34 in | Pipe-back or quill-back blade profile |
| Blade width at ricasso | 1.1–1.25 in | Varies slightly by year |
| Weight | 2.0–2.2 lb | Without scabbard |
| Hilt | Three-bar brass guard, backstrap, capstan; leather grip with twisted brass wire | Officer versions gilt |
| Scabbard | Steel with two suspension rings | Some state orders in brass |
| Markings | “N.P. Ames, Cutler, Springfield” plus date; etched “United States Dragoons” on early issues and “United States” on later ones | 1834–1839 |
| Production total | c. 6,100 sabres | All by Ames under federal contract |
History and Evolution
- 1833: Congress authorised the raising of the first Dragoon regiment.
- 1834: Ames began delivery of the sabres, heavily influenced by the British Pattern 1821 and French M1822 cavalry swords.
- 1834–1839: Roughly 6,100 sabres delivered to the US Army.
- Mexican-American War: Early years still saw the M1833 in service, though troopers complained it was too light for serious thrusting.
- 1840s: Replaced by the heavier M1840 Dragoon sabre.
- Later years: Many remained in state or militia inventories and were still seen in service during the American Civil War.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
- Light and manoeuvrable, easy to handle from horseback.
- Effective for cutting attacks at speed.
- Brass hilt was durable and resisted corrosion.
Disadvantages
- Considered too light for powerful thrusts or heavy combat.
- Scabbards dented easily in field use.
- Etched blade panels wore down quickly, reducing legibility and collector appeal today.
Comparison with Similar Weapons
| Pattern | Country | Characteristics | Service View |
|---|---|---|---|
| US M1818 Starr Sabre | USA | Simple bowl guard, earlier style | Replaced by 1833 |
| US M1833 Dragoon | USA | Light, pipe-back blade, brass three-bar guard | Quick but criticised as too light |
| US M1840 Dragoon | USA | Heavier, full-backed blade | Favoured for robust cut and thrust |
| British Pattern 1821 | UK | Three-bar guard, curved blade | Direct design influence |
| French M1822 | France | Broad curved blade | Long service life, highly influential |
Legacy
The M1833 was America’s first standardised cavalry sabre of the professional era. It represents the Army’s attempt to align with European cavalry design but also highlights the unique American preference for sturdier blades. While short-lived in frontline use, it remains historically significant as a transitional weapon. State-marked variants and officer’s models add to its desirability among collectors.
Where to See the M1833
- National collections such as the Smithsonian hold multiple examples, often with clear maker markings and dated ricassos.
- Regional museums connected to Dragoon history and frontier forts sometimes display them.
- State historical societies, especially in Kentucky and Massachusetts, include examples in their holdings.
Collector’s Guide
Identifying Features
- Pipe-back blade with spear point, about 34 inches.
- Brass three-bar guard and backstrap.
- Leather grip with twisted brass wire.
- Ricasso marked “N. P. Ames, Cutler, Springfield” with year.
- Blade panel etching:
- “United States Dragoons” on early examples (1834–1836).
- “United States” on later production (1837–1839).
Variants
- Officer’s sabres with gilt hilts, sharkskin grips, and elaborate etching.
- State-marked or custom orders such as Massachusetts National Lancers brass-scabbard models.
Market Snapshot
- Standard enlisted examples: typically £600–£1,000 (about $700–$1,200).
- Strong etching, clear date, and state surcharges: higher premiums.
- Officer’s models: often several thousand pounds depending on condition.
Buying Tips
- Prioritise clear markings and crisp etching.
- Watch for replaced grips or missing wire.
- Inspect scabbard fittings for originality.
- Provenance to Dragoon regiments or state militias increases value.
Timeline Overview
- 1833: Dragoons raised, sabre design approved.
- 1834–1839: Ames delivers around 6,100 sabres.
- 1840: Heavier Model 1840 adopted.
- 1846–1848: Some still carried in Mexican-American War.
- 1861–1865: Surplus examples seen in militia service during Civil War.
The Seven Swords Takeaway
The US Model 1833 Dragoon sabre is an important piece of early American cavalry history. While not as robust as its successor, it captures the Army’s first serious attempt at modernising mounted arms. Collectors value it for its rarity, distinct etching, and connection to the formative years of US mounted service.
