The Prussian Model 1811 Blücher sabre is one of the most iconic cavalry swords of the 19th century, named after Generalfeldmarschall Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. Designed for use by light cavalry, particularly hussars and dragoons, it remained in service well into the late 19th century and even saw limited use in the early 20th. Its robust construction, effective cutting power, and proven battlefield utility made it a model for several other nations’ sabres.
Specifications
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Blade length | Approximately 83 cm |
| Total length | Around 97 to 100 cm |
| Blade type | Curved, single-edged, flat-backed |
| Fullers | Single broad fuller |
| Hilt | Stirrup guard with langets and backstrap |
| Grip | Leather over wood with wire binding |
| Scabbard | Iron, typically with two suspension rings |
| Weight | Roughly 1.1 to 1.3 kg (without scabbard) |
History and Evolution
The Blücher sabre was officially adopted by Prussia in 1811, based heavily on the British 1796 Light Cavalry Sabre, which Blücher himself had admired during the Napoleonic Wars. Its practical design allowed for mass production and simplicity of use in the field.
During the Wars of Liberation (1813–1814), Blücher’s cavalry wielded the sabre to considerable effect against French forces. Its reliability helped establish a new standard for Prussian cavalry weapons.
Key evolutionary steps:
- 1811: Original design introduced.
- 1830s–1850s: Minor hilt and grip changes, some regional variants.
- Late 19th century: Gradually replaced by more modern straight sabres but retained by some reserve and auxiliary units.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
- Sturdy and effective for powerful slashing attacks.
- Relatively easy to manufacture and maintain.
- Based on a proven British design with real battlefield utility.
- Balanced well for cavalry use at speed.
Disadvantages:
- Less effective for thrusting compared to straight sabres.
- Lacked sophisticated ornamentation or balance of later 19th-century models.
- Heavier than some contemporaries, reducing finesse in prolonged combat.
Comparison with Similar Weapons
| Feature | Model 1811 Blücher | British 1796 Light Cavalry | French AN XI Sabre |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blade shape | Broad, curved | Broad, deeply curved | Curved but narrower |
| Thrusting capability | Moderate | Poor | Moderate |
| Cutting power | High | Very high | Moderate |
| Weight | Medium-heavy | Light-medium | Medium |
| Service duration | 1811–late 1800s | 1796–1820s | 1802–1830s |
The Blücher’s blade was slightly less curved than the British version, making it somewhat more versatile, though still fundamentally a slashing weapon.
Legacy
The Blücher sabre remains a defining weapon of Prussian military history. Its association with the Napoleonic Wars and the rise of Prussian military prestige contributed to its iconic status. German forces, especially during ceremonial functions, continued to acknowledge its lineage in sabre design well into the Imperial era.
Collectors, re-enactors, and historians value it not just for its role in battle but also for its craftsmanship and its influence on later European sabres.
Where to See
Original Model 1811 sabres can be found in several European military museums:
- Deutsches Historisches Museum, Berlin
- Arsenal Museum, Vienna
- National Army Museum, London (British 1796 counterpart for comparison)
- Museums of the Liberation Wars, Leipzig and Dresden
Collector’s Guide
Market Overview:
- Surviving examples are relatively common compared to earlier 18th-century sabres.
- Prices vary based on condition, markings (e.g. regiment stamps), and originality of scabbard and grip.
Average Auction Prices (2020–2025):
| Condition | Price Range (GBP) |
|---|---|
| Excellent | £1,500 – £2,500 |
| Good (some wear) | £900 – £1,400 |
| Fair (repaired or incomplete) | £400 – £850 |
What to look for:
- Clear Prussian unit or maker markings.
- Original grip with intact wire binding.
- Untouched scabbard and matching numbers, if present.
Reproductions are also available for reenactment purposes, but they lack the authenticity and value of period originals.
