The Petersen Type H Viking sword is one of the most iconic blade designs of the early medieval period. Widely used from the late 8th to the late 10th century, it is easily recognisable by its distinctive hilt, broad guard, and characteristic pommel. Type H represents a turning point in Viking sword typology, showing both regional influence and functional refinement.
Specification
While specific dimensions can vary between finds and reproductions, the following table offers a reliable overview:
| Feature | Measurement Range |
|---|---|
| Total length | 860–935 mm |
| Blade length | 780–800 mm |
| Blade width (base) | 40–52 mm |
| Grip length | 93–120 mm |
| Typical weight | 1.1–1.3 kg |
- Blade: Broad, often with a wide fuller. Designed primarily for slashing.
- Pommel: Multi-lobed, sometimes decorated with inlay or wire.
- Guard: Thick and curved slightly upward, offering hand protection.
- Materials: Iron or pattern-welded steel blade; bronze, copper alloy, or silver details on the hilt for elite versions.
History and Evolution
Type H emerged during the height of the Viking expansion across Europe. Its popularity is reflected in the number of surviving examples found in Norway, Denmark, the British Isles, and parts of Eastern Europe.
This type shows the transition from simpler Migration Period swords to more balanced, combat-ready Viking weapons. Over time, variants of Type H were made with increasing levels of ornamentation, depending on the owner’s status. The style remained in use until gradually displaced by later forms like Type X, which leaned toward longer guards and more symmetrical hilts.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Strengths
- Recognisable design makes it an important reference for collectors and historians.
- Well-balanced grip provides smooth handling and efficient slashing ability.
- Ornamentation potential allows for a range from utilitarian to prestigious ceremonial weapons.
Limitations
- Heavy decoration on high-status examples could impact durability in prolonged combat.
- Limited thrusting capacity due to blade shape and lack of reinforced point.
- Modern replicas often vary in accuracy depending on maker and source material.
Comparison with Similar Weapons
- Petersen Type G: Often simpler, with a straighter guard and less pronounced pommel lobes.
- Petersen Type F: Thinner in form, often lacking the robust guard of Type H.
- Petersen Type X: Represents the next phase, with longer crossguards and better point control.
- Continental Migration swords: Typically shorter guards, flatter hilts, and a broader blade geometry.
Type H stands out for its balanced silhouette, practical fighting form, and ability to be adapted for status display.
Legacy
Type H is one of the most widely recognised Viking sword types and appears frequently in museum displays, academic texts, and reenactment circles. Its presence in archaeological digs shows it was not just a ceremonial weapon but used actively in combat.
Modern swordsmiths continue to recreate Type H swords using both historical forging techniques and modern metallurgy, ensuring the design lives on as both a research subject and artistic form.
Where to See
Authentic Petersen Type H swords can be viewed in several European collections:
- National Museum of Denmark – Houses several original Viking swords.
- British Museum, London – Contains examples found in Anglo-Scandinavian contexts.
- Museum of Cultural History, Oslo – One of the largest collections of Viking arms in the world.
Replica versions are produced by specialist swordsmiths and often used in historical fencing or educational displays.
Collector’s Guide and Auction Prices
Reproductions
- Standard replicas: Priced around £350 to £600 depending on blade steel, grip materials, and finish.
- Museum-quality reproductions: Can exceed £1,200, especially when crafted with historical methods and custom scabbards.
Originals
- Auction appearances are rare.
- When a genuine Type H does come to market (often incomplete or conserved), it can command between £8,000 and £15,000 depending on provenance, condition, and documentation.
Collector Tips
- Look for signed replicas from reputable smiths.
- Avoid mass-produced stainless steel versions; these are decorative only.
- Ensure accurate blade geometry, weight, and materials if using for reenactment or martial arts.
Seven Swords Takeaway
The Petersen Type H remains a benchmark in Viking sword typology. With its balanced form, elegant design, and functional purpose, it reflects the artistry and violence of the age. Whether examined in a museum case or wielded in historical practice, this sword continues to speak of its time with clarity and presence.
